Biennial Flight Review (61.56)

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A flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include a review of the current general
operating and flight rules of part 91 and a review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary
for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.  No person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since
the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has accomplished a flight review given
in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and  a logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying
that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.

In plain english - 1 hour flight and 1 hour ground, every two years - minimum


Instrument Currency (61.57 Recent Flight Experience: Pilot In Command)

Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums
prescribed for VFR, unless within the preceding 6 calendar months, that person has:

For the purpose of obtaining instrument experience in an aircraft (other than a glider), performed and logged under actual or simulated instrument
conditions, either in flight in the appropriate category of aircraft for the instrument privileges sought or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is
representative of the aircraft category for the instrument privileges sought --

(i) At least six instrument approaches;

(ii) Holding procedures; and

(iii) Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems.

In plain English - 6 approaches every 6 months with holding procedures and intercepting/tracking - logged.  If not, then you must do an IPC
to fly in IMC conditions.


Instrument Proficiency Check

A person who does not meet the instrument experience requirements of paragraph (c) of this section within the prescribed time, or within 6 calendar
months after the prescribed time, may not serve as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR until
that person passes an instrument proficiency check consisting of a representative number of tasks required by the instrument rating practical test.

(1) The instrument proficiency check must be --

(i) In an aircraft that is appropriate to the aircraft category;

(ii) In a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of the aircraft category

(2) The instrument proficiency check must be given by --

(iv) An
authorized instructor; or examiner


Instrument Proficiency Check Minimums

61.57 does not stipulate a minimum time required for an IPC.  You can plan on an instructor needing about 90 minutes on ground instruction and 2 hours
of flight time for a good evaluation of your skills.  Depending on your level of proficiency you can expect two or more follow up flights and/or ground
sessions.  Topics to be covered range from general operating and flight rules for IFR (Part 91), cross country flight planning, departure arrival and
approach procedures, aviation weather, and a thorough review of the Aeronautical Information Manual.  A great way to get prepared for your next IPC is to
visit the FAA Aviation Learning Center and sign up to take the free online IPC prep course at www.faasafety.gov.
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